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PCEP-30-02 Module 1: Comprehensive Teaching Material — Python Fundamentals

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Table of Contents

1. Module Overview & Syllabus
2. Introduction to Computer Programming and Python
   • What is Python?
   • Python Program Structure
   • Comments
   • Indentation
   • Exercises
3. Python Literals & Variables
   • Literals (int, float, string, bool)
   • Variable Naming Rules
   • Assignment
   • Multiple Assignments
   • Exercises
4. Numeral Systems
   • Decimal, Binary, Octal, Hexadecimal
   • Converting Between Systems
   • Exercises
5. Data Types & Operators
   • int, float, str, bool
   • Arithmetic Operators
   • Assignment Operators
   • Comparison Operators
   • Logical Operators
   • Type Casting
   • Exercises
6. Console Input and Output
   • print() Function
   • input() Function
   • sep and end Parameters
   • Using int() and float() for Conversion
   • Exercises
7. Practice Problems
8. Summary Table

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1. Module Overview & Syllabus

• Understanding key Python language concepts
• Logic and structure of Python programs
• Working with literals, variables, and data types
• Numeral systems for expressing data
• Using operators for computation and comparisons
• Console input and output

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2. Introduction to Computer Programming and Python

What is Python?

• Python is a widely used, high-level, interpreted programming language known for its simplicity and readability.

Python Program Structure

# This is a simple Python program
print("Hello, world!")

Comments

• Single-line: use #
• Multi-line: Python does not have built-in syntax for multi line comments. We can implement multi line comments in python using single line comments or triple quoted python strings (i.e., using triple quotes). """ This is a multi-line comment """

Indentation

• Indentation is how Python denotes blocks of code.

def greet():
    print("Hello!")  # Indented inside function

Exercises

1. Write a Python program that greets a user by name.
2. Write a comment describing what your program does.

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3. Python Literals & Variables

Literals

• Integer: 5, 100, -3
• Floating Point: 3.14, 0.0, -2.5
• String: 'hello', "world"
• Boolean: True, False

Variables

• Container for storing data values.
• Naming rules: letters, digits (not first), underscore, case-sensitive, no reserved words.

user_name = "Alice"
PI = 3.14159
_is_visible = True

Assignment

a = 10
b = a + 5

Multiple Assignments

x, y, z = 1, 2, 3
x = y = z = 0  # Chain assignment

Exercises

1. Assign your age, name, and student status to variables.
2. Swap values using a temporary variable.

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4. Numeral Systems

Decimal, Binary, Octal, Hexadecimal

num_dec = 255      # Decimal
num_bin = 0b11111111  # Binary
num_oct = 0o377    # Octal
num_hex = 0xFF     # Hexadecimal

Converting Between Systems

x = 42
print(bin(x), oct(x), hex(x))  # Output: binary, octal, hexadecimal

Exercises

1. Convert decimal 100 to binary and hexadecimal.
2. Determine the decimal value for 0b1010 and 0xF.

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5. Data Types & Operators

Data Types

• int, float, str, bool

a = 10               # int
b = 5.5              # float
c = "Python"         # str
d = True             # bool
print(type(b))

Arithmetic Operators

+, -, *, /, //, %, **

Assignment Operators

=, +=, -=, *=, /=, //=, %=

Comparison Operators

==, !=, <, >, <=, >=

Logical Operators

and, or, not

Type Casting

val = int("5")       # str -> int
num = float(7)       # int -> float
text = str(True)     # bool -> str

Exercises

1. Perform arithmetic and comparison on two numbers, show results.
2. Cast a string number to integer and multiply by 2.

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6. Console Input and Output

print() Function

print("Welcome to Python")
print(1, 2, 3, sep="-")      # Output: 1-2-3
print("End", end="!
")        # Custom ending

input() Function

name = input("Enter your name: ")
age = int(input("Enter age: "))

Using int() and float() for Conversion

value = int(input("Enter an integer: "))
price = float(input("Enter price: "))

Exercises

1. Program asks user for their name and prints a greeting.
2. Ask user for two numbers and print their sum.

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7. Practice Problems

1. Write a program to check the type of variables after assignment.
2. Ask user for three numbers and print their average.
3. Write a code snippet that shows usage of all arithmetic operators.
4. Input a number and print its binary, octal, and hex equivalents.
5. Write a program to test if input is greater than 10 and print True/False.

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8. Summary Table

Concept	Syntax Example	Notes
Literal	5, "abc", 3.14, True	Fixed value
Variable	x = 10	Named reference
Assignment	a = b + 2	Store a value
Numeral systems	0b10, 0o10, 0x10	Binary, octal, hexadecimal
Data type	type(x)	int, float, str, bool
Operators	+, -, *, /, ==, and	Arithmetic, comparison, logical
print()	print("hi", end="!")	Printing output
input()	x = input()	Getting user input
Type casting	int("5"), float("2.7")	Convert between types

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Use this module to learn all the foundational Python programming concepts needed for the PCEP-30-02 exam. Complete the examples and exercises for robust skills!